GLADIATORS

A title : GLADIATORS
The author : Minna Lacey & Susanna Davidson
Publisher : USBORNE
Year of the publication : 2006
YL : 1.9

The colosseum was able to accommodate 50,000 spectators.
While Rome fell 1,500 years ago, the Colosseum still stands, and remains one of the greatest masterpieces of world artchitecture.
In Colosseums, there was fights between animals too in addition to Gladiators battle.
Changing the subject, if an animal fights one on one, hippopotamus semms to be the strongest.

take place / 起こる
At first gladiator fights took place just about anywhere -

collapse / 崩壊する
Many caught fire, or collapsed during shows.

settlement / 解決、決着
Soon, they were popping up all over italy, and in every important Roman settlement abroad.

surpass / まさる、凌ぐ
magnificence / 壮大、豪華
enginering / 機関学、工学
But there was one that surpassed all others in size, engineering and magnificence: the Colossum in Rome.

craftsman / 職人
He hired the best architects and craftsmen to build the biggest stadium Rome had ever seen.

ingeniously / 巧妙に
Ingeniously constructed to seat 50,000 spectators, it was even larger than most football stadiums today.

GLADIATORS

A title : GLADIATORS
The author : Minna Lacey & Susanna Davidson
Publisher : USBORNE
Year of the publication : 2006
YL : 1.9

The buying and selling of the slave was performed the past.
It is hardly thought now.
Originally a lot of gladietors were slaves too.

scattered / 点在している
Special gladiator training schools, called ludi, were scattered all over the Roman.

terrifying / 恐ろしい
Starting gladiator school was terrifying.

whip / ～をむち打つ
branding iron / （家畜に印を押す）焼きごて
"I accept the whip, the branding iron and the sword to punish me"

Pompeii / ポンペイ（イタリアの古都）
ceiling / 天井
inmate / 収容者
The prison in Pompeii had heavy iron leg chains and low ceilings, so inmates could only sit down.

cell / 小部屋、小屋
guarded / 監視された
Gladiatirs slept in small, dark cells and were guarded at all times.

oatmeal / オートムギ、オートミール
barley / 大麦
So they hired the best doctors, cooks and masseurs, and fed their men boiled beans, oatmeal and barley grains

flourish 繁茂する、繁栄する
They all needed to learn to fight with flourish

GLADIATORS

A title : GLADIATORS
The author : Minna Lacey & Susanna Davidson
Publisher : USBORNE
Year of the publication : 2006
YL : 1.9

Gladually, gladiator fights had become one of the most popular forms of entertainment. At the bigining, gladiator was the light equipments. They increased some equipments to be long the match because fights became a entertainment. According to the book, The weight seemd to has 4 kg only with a heimet.

funeral / 礼拝、葬式
The very first gladiator fights were held at the funeral celebrations of important roman officials,

Etruscan / エトルリア人
Some Roman thought the idea had come from the Etruscans,

haunt / 出没する
The aim was to stop their ghosts from coming back to haunt the living.

Greek / ギリシャ人
sacrifice / 犠牲、いけにえ
The Greeks didn't just have human sacrifices at funerals-

cattle / 牛、家畜
We'll have it in the main cattle market

lunge / 突進する、突き出す
The first pair of slaves stepped up to each other and lunged forward with a clash of steel.